Swift笔记 - 11.溢出运算符、Equatable、Comparable、自定义运算符、Cus

Swift笔记 - 11.溢出运算符、Equatable、Comparable、自定义运算符、CustomStringConvertible 与 CustomDebugStringConvertible、大写Self、assert、fatalError

Swift中的溢出运算符

var min = UInt8.min
print(min &- 1) // 255, Int8.max

var max = UInt8.max
print(max &+ 1) // 0, Int8.min
print(max &* 2) //254,等价于 max &+ max

运算符重载

struct Point {
    var x: Int, y: Int
}
func + (p1: Point, p2: Point) -> Point {
    Point(x: p1.x + p2.x, y: p1.y + p2.y)
}
let p = Point(x: 10, y: 20) + Point(x: 11, y: 22)
print(p) // Point (x: 21, y: 42)
struct Point {
    var x: Int, y: Int
    static func + (p1: Point, p2: Point) -> Point {
        Point (x: p1.x + p2.x, y: p1.y + p2.y)
    }
}
static func + (p1: Point, p2: Point) -> Point {
    Point (x: p1.x + p2.x, y: p1.y + p2.y)
}
static func - (p1: Point, p2: Point) -> Point {
    Point(x: p1.x - p2.x, y: p1.y - p2.y)
}
static prefix func - (p: Point) -> Point {
    Point (x: -p.x, y: -p.y)
}
static func += (p1: inout Point, p2: Point) {
        p1 = p1 + p2
}

static prefix func ++ (p: inout Point) -> Point {
    p += Point(x: 1, y: 1)
    return p
}
static postfix func ++ (p: inout Point) -> Point {
    let tmp = p
    p += Point(x: 1, y: 1)
    return tmp
}
static func == (p1: Point, p2: Point) -> Bool {
    (p1.x == p2.x) && (p1.y == p2.y)
}

Equatable

struct Point: Equatable {
var x: Int, y: Int
}
var p1 = Point(x: 10, y: 20)
var p2 = Point(x: 11, y: 22)
print (p1 == p2) // false
print (p1 != p2) // true

Comparable可比较

// score大的比较大,若score相等,age小的比较大
struct Student: Comparable {
    var age: Int
    var score: Int
    init(score: Int, age: Int) {
        self.score = score
        self.age = age
    }
    static func < (lhs: Student, rhs: Student) -> Bool {
        (lhs < rhs.score) || (lhs == rhs.score && lhs.age > rhs.age)
    }
    static func > (lhs: Student, rhs: Student) -> Bool {
        (lhs > rhs.score) || (lhs == rhs.score && lhs.age < rhs.age)
    }
    static func <= (lhs: Student, rhs: Student) -> Bool {
        !(lhs > rhs)
    }
    static func >= (lhs: Student, rhs: Student) -> Bool {
        ! (lhs < rhs)
    }
}
var stu1 = Student(score: 100, age: 20)
var stu2 = Student(score: 98, age: 18)
var stu3 = Student(score: 100, age: 20)
print(stul > stu2) // true
print(stul >= stu2) // true
print(stul >= stu3) // true
print(stul <= stu3) // true
print(stuz < stu1) // true
print(stu2 <= stul) // true

自定义运算符

prefix operator 前缀运算符
postfix operator 后缀运算符
infix operator 中级运算符优先级组
precedencegroup 优先级组 {
    associativity结合性(left\right\none)
    higherThan比谁的优先级高
    lowerThan比谁的优先级低
    assignmenttrue 代表在可选链操作中拥有跟赋值运算符一样的优先级
}
prefix operator +++
infix operator +- : PlusMinusPrecedence
precedencegroup PlusMinusPrecedence {
    associativity: none
    higherThan: AdditionPrecedence
    lowerThan: MultiplicationPrecedence
    assignment: true
}
struct Point {
    var x: Int, y: Int
    static prefix func +++ (point: inout Point) -> Point {
        point = Point(x: point.x + point.x, y: point.y + point.y)
        return point
    }
    static func +- (left: Point, right: Point) -> Point {
        return Point(x: left.x + right.x, y: left.y - right.y)
    }
    static func +- (left: Point?, right: Point) -> Point {
        print ("+-")
        return Point(x: left?.x ?? 0 + right.x, y: left?.y ?? 0 - right.y)
    }
}

struct Person {
    var point: Point
}
var person: Person? = nil
person?.point +- Point (x: 10, y: 20)

CustomStringConvrtible 与 CustomDebugStringConvertible

class Person : CustomStringConvertible, CustomDebugStringConvertible {
var age = 0
var description: String { "person \(age)" }
var debugDescription: String { "debug person \(age)" }
}

var person = Person()
print(person) // person_0
debugPrint(person) // debug person_0

大写Self

class Person {
    var age = 1
    static var count = 2
    func run() {
        print(self.age) // 1
        print(Self.count) // 2
    }
}
protocol Runnable {
    func test() -> Self
}
class Person : Runnable {
    required init() {}
    func test() -> Self { type(of: self).init() }
}
class Student : Person()

var p = Person()
// Person
print(p.test())

var stu = Student()
// Student
print(stu.test())

assert(断言)

func divide(_ v1: Int, _ v2: Int) -> Int {
    assert(v2 != 0"除数不能为0")
    return v1 / v2
}
print(divide(20, 0))

fatalError

func test(_ num: Int) -> Int {
    if num >= 0 {
        return 1
    }
    fatalError("numfaF0")
}
class Person { required init() {} }
class Student: Person {
    required init() { fatalError("don't call Student.init") }
    init(score: Int) {}
}
var stul = Student(score: 98)
var stu2 = Student()

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